Caracterización de la agresividad en adolescentes con trastorno de la conducta grave: un estudio exploratorio

El trastorno de conducta grave es un notable problema social y de salud mental en población infantil y adolescente. Aquí se presentan los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa de nivel descriptivo, que tuvo como objetivo general realizar una caracterización de la agresividad en un grupo de adolescentes con este tipo de trastorno. El estudio se desarrolló con jóvenes de un centro de internamiento preventivo que se encontraban en proceso de judicialización, aún no sancionados, pero privados de la libertad. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 115 hombres, a los que se les aplicaron cinco instrumentos de medición: el Inventario de Motivos para la Agresión, el Inventario de Situaciones y Comportamientos Agresivos, el Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss-Perry, el Cuestionario de Agresividad Proactiva y Reactiva, y la Escala de Agresividad Apetitiva. El principal motivo para la agresión era conseguir algo que querían, eran agresivos sin que hubiese algún motivo, expresaban frecuentemente su ira, amenazaban a personas conocidas, se enojaban cuando tenían desacuerdos, creían que los demás se burlaban de ellos a sus espaldas, se sentían bien después de agredir física o verbalmente a alguien, portaban armas para usarlas en peleas y consideraban que pelear era lo único que querían hacer en la vida.

Severe conduct disorder is a notable social and mental health problem in child and adolescent population. Here we present the results of a descriptive quantitative research with the general objective of characterizing aggressiveness in a group of adolescents with this type of disorder. The study was carried out with young people from a preventive detention center who were in the process of judicialization, not yet sanctioned, but deprived of their liberty. A total of 115 males were selected by convenience and five measurement instruments were applied: the Motives for Aggression Inventory, the Aggressive Situations and Behavior Inventory, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Proactive and Reactive Aggressiveness Questionnaire, and the Appetitive Aggressiveness Scale. The main motive for aggression was to get something they wanted, they were aggressive for no reason, they frequently expressed anger, threatened people they knew, got angry when they had disagreements, believed that others made fun of them behind their backs, felt good after physically or verbally assaulting someone, carried weapons to use in fights, and considered that fighting was the only thing they wanted to do in life.

Componentes de hostilidad y discriminación en cardiología / Components of hostility and discrimination in cardiology

Resumen La población de diferentes géneros en México se enfrenta a desafíos significativos en salud, cómo el acceso limitado a la atención médica y la prevalencia de malas condiciones. La cardiología es crucial para esta población debido a la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo y enfermedades cardiovasculares. A pesar de la falta de datos precisos, se estima que el 0.5-1.5% de la población se identifica como transgénero. Enfrentan desafíos socioculturales, como discriminación y estigmatización que contribuyen a problemas de salud y falta de acceso a tratamientos. Los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la autoadministración de hormonas, y las barreras en el acceso a la atención médica son preocupaciones destacadas. Las oportunidades para mejorar incluyen fortalecer la educación médica, implementar políticas inclusivas, y promover la investigación y recopilación de datos. Se sugiere el desarrollo de guías clínicas específicas y programas de salud inclusivos. La teoría de la minorización destaca la importancia de abordar tensiones psicosociales crónicas y reconocer la influencia de factores estresantes en la salud. Integrar servicios de salud para todas las poblaciones en cardiología y fomentar la resiliencia son estrategias clave. En resumen, se necesita un enfoque integral para reducir las disparidades en la atención cardíaca y mejorar la salud de todas las poblaciones en México.

Abstract The Gender-Diverse (TGD) population in Mexico faces significant health challenges, such as limited access to healthcare and a prevalence of adverse conditions. Cardiology is crucial for this population due to a high prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Despite a lack of precise data, it is estimated that 0.5-1.5% of the population identifies as TGD. They encounter sociocultural challenges, including discrimination and stigma, contributing to health issues and a lack of treatment access. Cardiovascular risk factors, hormone self-administration, and barriers to healthcare access are prominent concerns. Opportunities for improvement involve strengthening medical education, implementing inclusive policies, and promoting research and data collection. The development of specific clinical guidelines and inclusive health programs is suggested. The theory of minority stress emphasizes addressing chronic psychosocial stressors and recognizing the influence of stress factors on health. Integrating healthcare services for all populations in cardiology and fostering resilience are key strategies. In summary, a comprehensive approach is needed to reduce disparities in cardiac care and enhance the health of all populations in Mexico.

Behavioral self-regulation in pediatric bipolar disorder and healthy offspring of bipolar patients

Objectives: This study investigated behavioral self-regulation problems using the Children's Hostility Inventory (CHI) in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), healthy offspring of bipolar disorder patients (HOBD), and healthy controls (HC) without previous history of psychiatric disorders. Methods: The CHI was administered to 41 consecutive children and adolescents diagnosed with PBD, to 16 HOBD, and to 22 HC. The inventory assessed irritability, expression, hostility, and aggression and was completed by the children with the help of their mothers. Adolescents and their respective parents were interviewed separately using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: All subscales of the CHI presented statistically significant differences, except for the subscale assessing feelings of suspicion. Pairwise comparisons revealed consistently significant differences between the PBD group and controls, indicating more self-regulation difficulties in the PBD group, represented by high levels of hostility and aggressive behavior. There were no significant differences between the PBD and HOBD groups. Conclusions: Future studies should further investigate if such behavior is state-dependent or a trait of bipolar juvenile expression. Expression of hostility and irritability should be considered relevant targets in psychosocial approaches addressing this population.

Validación de la Escala de Hostilidad (HO) de Cook y Medley en Población Adulta del Noroeste de México / Validation of the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale in Adult Population from Northwestern Mexico

Resumen Desde la descripción del Patrón de Conducta Tipo A (PCTA) como factor de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular y la posterior confirmación de la hostilidad como uno de los principales predictores del padecimiento, se han empleado distintas escalas de medida para su evaluación. Una de las mayormente citadas es la Escala de Hostilidad (HO) de Cook y Medley (1954). El objetivo del presente fue determinar la confiabilidad y validez de la escala para población adulta del noroeste de México. Se empleó en una muestra de 1669 participantes con un rango de edad de entre 30 a 85 años, una media de 38 y una desviación estándar de 10.16. Esta muestra presenta un rango de edad superior a los de otros estudios que tienden a utilizar estudiantes. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura factorial con cinco factores, siguiendo el modelo de Barefoot et al. (1989, 1991), con una varianza explicada de 29.67% y un índice de consistencia interna de 0.86, obteniendo además que los indicadores de bondad del ajuste de los datos fueron óptimos. Se concluye que la escala de hostilidad, posee una fiabilidad y validez apropiada, lo que permitirá su uso para la medida del constructo en población adulta.

Abstract Based on the description of the Type A Behavior Pattern (PCTA) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the subsequent confirmation of hostility as one of the main predictors of the condition, different measurement scales have been used for its evaluation. One of the most cited is the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale (HO) (1954), which was initially created with English-speaking teachers, and later used with cardiovascular patients to identify the presence of the risk factor. The objective of this work was to determinate the reliability and validity of the hostility scale for the population of northwestern Mexico. It was used in a sample of 1669 participants with an age range between 30 and 85 years, a mean of 38 and a standard deviation of 10.16. This sample has a higher age range than other studies that tend to use students. A confirmatory factor analysis showed a factor structure with five factors, following the model of Barefoot et al. (1989, 1991), with an explained variance of 29.67% and an internal consistency index of 0.86, also obtaining that the indicators of goodness of fit of the data were optimal. We conclude that the hostility scale has appropriate reliability and validity, which will allow its use to measure the construct in the adult population, which allows its use in cardiovascular patients to measure the hostility that is shown as a risk factor for these diseases.

Las compañías militares y de seguridad privadas: hacia una definición operativa para el derecho internacional humanitario / Private military and security companies: towards an operational definition for international humanitarian law / Empresas privadas militares e de segurança: rumo a uma definição operacional para o direito humanitário internacional

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar los elementos cuya ponderación podría conducir a una definición operativa de las compañías militares y de seguridad privadas para el derecho internacional humanitario. La metodología empleada para dar alcance a este objetivo consiste en el análisis de fuentes documentales comprendido en la revisión de la normatividad jurídica internacional, la doctrina y la literatura académica de otras ciencias sociales, lo que favorece un debate interdisciplinar para abordar al fenómeno de las compañías militares y de seguridad privadas con el ánimo de complementar la construcción de esta definición operativa a partir de la mayor cantidad posible de perspectivas.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the elements whose weighting could lead to an operational definition of private military and security companies for international humanitarian law. The methodology used to achieve this objective consists of the analysis of documentary sources including the review of international legal norms, doctrine and academic literature from other social sciences, which favors an interdisciplinary debate to address the phenomenon of private military and security companies with the aim of complementing the construction of this operational definition from as many perspectives as possible.

Este artigo visa analisar os elementos cuja ponderação poderia levar a uma definição operacional de empresas militares e de segurança privadas para o direito humanitário internacional. A metodologia utilizada para atingir este objetivo consiste na análise de fontes documentais, incluindo uma revisão das normas jurídicas internacionais, doutrina e literatura acadêmica de outras ciências sociais, o que favorece um debate interdisciplinar para abordar o fenômeno das empresas privadas militares e de segurança com o objetivo de complementar a construção desta definição operacional a partir do maior número possível de perspectivas.

Estudio Transversal: Conducta de agresión en estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de cuatro instituciones educativas periféricas de Lima, Perú / Cross-Sectional Study: Aggressive behavior in fifth year high school students of peripheral schools of Lima, Perú

INTRODUCCIÓN: El problema relacionado con la agresión entre escolares se ha exacerbado en los últimos años, afectando al bienestar de los involucrados, tanto en el contexto educativo, como social y cultural. De esta manera, se ha constituido como una variable de estudio en las Ciencias Sociales; misma que puede ser abordada desde diversos enfoques. La intensidad de este problema, impacta negativamente a niños, niñas y adolescentes. Numerosos estudios reportan que los eventos de violencia y/o agresión en las escuelas, pueden generar en los escolares daños físicos y emocionales, dificultad en el aprendizaje por trastorno de estrés postraumático, desmotivación, ausentismo y deserción escolar. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el nivel de agresión en estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de instituciones educativas en Lima, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, de corte transversal, cuantitativo. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Agresión de Buss y Perry, adaptado al contexto. La evidencia de validez de contenido se obtuvo con el coeficiente V de Aiken (0.80) por cada ítem y dimensión. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba de normalidad de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Los datos se presentan en tablas, mediante frecuencias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: El estudio se aplicó en una muestra de 274 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años. Entre los participantes, se encontraron altos niveles de agresión (54.8%; Nivel alto: 38.6%, Nivel muy alto: 16.2%), con un predominio en el sexo masculino equivalente al 43%, frente a un 34% en las mujeres. En las dimensiones estudiadas, se encontró que los estudiantes alcanzaron puntuaciones altas, en la agresión verbal (40%), seguido de la agresión física y la hostilidad (38%) y finalmente en la ira (37%). CONCLUSIÓN: Luego del procesamiento de datos, se encontraron niveles altos de agresión en los estudiantes de quinto año de secundaria de las zonas periféricas de Lima. Con respecto al género, se halló un predominio de la agresión de nivel alto en los varones frente a las mujeres. En cuanto a las dimensiones estudiadas de la variable agresión, se encontró una preponderancia en la agresión verbal, seguida de la agresión física y la hostilidad y finalmente la ira.

BACKGROUND: Aggression among schoolchildren is a growing problem, affecting their educational, social and cultural well-being. In this context, aggression has become an aim of study for Social Sciences, from various approaches. The intensity of this problem negatively impacts on children and adolescents lives. Numerous studies report that events of violence and/or aggression in schools can generate physical and emotional damage to schoolchildren, learning difficulties due to post-traumatic stress disorder, demotivation, absenteeism and school dropout. The aim of this study was to establish the level of aggression in fifth-year high school students from high schools in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative exploratory study. The Buss and Perry, Aggression Questionnaire was applied and adapted to the context. The content validity was obtained with Aiken's V coefficient (0.80) for each item and dimension. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov normality test was used for data analysis. Data is presented in charts, with frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The study was applied to a sample of 274 adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years. High levels of aggression were found in the students (54.8%; High aggression level: 38.6%, very high aggression level: 16.2%), with a predominance in the male group (43%), compared to 34% in women. Regarding the aggression dimensions, we found high levels, in verbal aggression (40%), followed by physical aggression and hostility (38%) and finally anger (37%). CONCLUSION: After data processing, high levels of aggression were found among fifth-year high schools students from peripheral areas of Lima. Regarding gender, a predominance of high-level aggression was found in males over females. About aggression dimensions, we found a high level of verbal aggression, followed by physical aggression and hostility, finally by anger.

Specifics of psychological and pedagogic correction of deviani behavior in younger adolescents with intellectual disability

Problem and aim. Deviant behavior is not only an alarming phenomenon but also a multitude of social, pedagogic and psychological problems that threaten the society and that became particularly relevant for the young adolescents with intellectual disability. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to reveal the specifics of correctional and developmental work with such children that would provide appropriate interpersonal interaction in the adolescence and the further positive socialization. Methods. The presented study was conducted in three stages (exploratory-preparatory, experimental and control-generalizing stages) with the use of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Results and discussion. The results showed that the predominant from of the deviant behavior was hostility and violence, as well as a tendency for addictive behavior. Diagnostics of the dominant indices of hostility and aggressiveness demonstrated that the aggressiveness index dominated in the majority of adolescents. The majority of adolescents had a very high or high level of indirect hostility and assault, along with suspicion. The correctional program provides correctional effect for the adolescents with low and medium level of proneness to the deviant behavior

Factors affecting the interrelationship between cynical hostility and dental anxiety among dental patients

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between dental anxiety and cynical hostility in a sample of dental patients and to study the possible role of socioeconomic status (SES) in this relationship. Materials and Methods: A total of 288 dental patients completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the cynical distrust scale (CDS) and the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS). Data on sociodemographic characteristics were also collected. Results: Dental anxiety as reflected by mean MDAS scores was significantly higher among the younger age group (P = 0.002), among females (P = 0.025), and the lower SES groups (P = 0.001). Cynical hostility was significantly higher among the older age group (P = 0.03), among males (P = 0.02), and among the lower SES groups, respectively, (P = 0.001). When the CDS scores for individuals with and without dental anxiety were compared within the context of the three socioeconomic strata, there was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.029) in scores between the two anxiety groups in the middle socioeconomic strata where the cynical distrust scores were lower among the anxiety group. Discussion: Mediation analysis revealed that SES played an important role in the association between dental anxiety and cynical hostility. It also showed that the mediating effect is not uniform across socioeconomic strata and may be different in different societies with their own unique population structures and classes.

Self-esteem as a Moderator of the Effects of Happiness, Depression, and Hostility on Suicidality Among Early Adolescents in Korea / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-esteem as a moderator of the factors influencing suicidality among middle-schoolers. METHODS: Moderated multiple regression analysis was applied to assess the influence of happiness, depression, and hostility on suicidality and to determine the degree to which self-esteem served as a moderator of those relationships. Data were collected from 268 students at a middle school in Busan, Korea, using a self-administered structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Happiness, depression, and hostility had significant direct effects on suicidality. Self-esteem showed no direct effect, but had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between hostility and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that various interventions, such as counseling programs, should be designed to alleviate hostility and depression and to enhance happiness and self-esteem among early adolescents.

Psychometric parameters of the subscale of hostility from the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) / Parâmetros psicométricos da subescala de hostilidade da Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) / Parámetros psicométricos de la subescala de hostilidad de la Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90)

The present study aimed to know the psychometric parameters of the SCL-90 hostility scale. For this, two studies were traced; In Study 1, 209 students, mean age 16 years (SD = 1.29), who responded to the Scale of Hostility and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The exploratory factorial analysis indicated a unidimensional structure, whose Cronbach's alpha was.71. In Study 2, we sought to find additional evidence of validity and reliability counting with 212 students with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.19). The confirmatory factorial analysis tested the unifactorial structure and pointed to good adjustment indexes; good internal consistency and composite reliability were also observed. In general, the Scale of Hostility provided evidence of satisfactory validity and reliability. (AU)

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer os parâmetros psicométricos da subescala de hostilidade da SCL-90. Para isso, traçou-se dois estudos; no Estudo 1 buscou-se conhecer evidências de validade e precisão da subescala de hostilidade. Contou-se com 209 estudantes, com média de 16 anos de idade (DP = 1,29), os quais responderam a Subescala de Hostilidade e um questionário sociodemográfico. A análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unifatorial, cujo alfa de Cronbach foi 0,71. No Estudo 2 buscou-se encontrar evidências adicionais de validade e precisão contando-se com 212 alunos com média de idade de 16 anos (DP = 1,19). A análise fatorial confirmatória testou a estrutura unifatorial e apontou para bons índices de ajuste; também se verificaram bons índices de consistência interna e confiabilidade composta. De modo geral, a Subescala de Hostilidade apresentou evidências de validade e precisão satisfatórias. (AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer los parámetros psicométricos de la Subescala de Hostilidad de la SCL-90. Se realizaron dos estudios; en el primer estudio se trataron de encontrar evidencias de validez y precisión de la subescala de hostilidad; participaron 209 estudiantes, con promedio de edad de 16 años (DP = 1,29), los cuales respondieron la Subescala de Hostilidad y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El análisis factorial exploratorio indicó una estructura unifactorial, cuyo alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,71. En el segundo estudio, se trataron de encontrar evidencias adicionales de validez y precisión, contando con 212 alumnos con promedio de edad de 16 años (DP = 1,19). El análisis factorial confirmatorio probó la estructura unifactorial y señaló buenos índices de ajuste; también se verificaron buenos índices de consistencia interna y confiabilidad compuesta. En general, la Subescala de Hostilidad presentó evidencias de validez y precisión satisfactorias. (AU)

Actores del acoso escolar / What is bullying

Resumen: el acoso escolar es, en esencia, violencia o maltrato deliberado de uno o más estudiantes sobre otro (violencia o maltrato entre pares), que se realiza de forma sistemática y persistente y crea un desequilibrio de poder en el cual se pueden identificar claramente las condiciones de agresor y víctima. Los agresores generalmente buscan el reconocimiento de los demás, ya sea por admiración o por miedo. Las víctimas sufren humillación y daño, y se sienten menospreciadas y vulnerables ante los demás. Los observadores tienen siempre un rol relevante que puede ser activo negativo, proactivo o neutro. El acoso escolar puede presentarse bajo diferentes modalidades, entre las que se destacan la física, verbal, relacional y psicológica. Todas ellas producen efectos negativos de distinta intensidad sobre la víctima. El acoso escolar se presenta en diferentes espacios cuya diferenciación es relevante para comprender sus modalidades y también las responsabilidades para su prevención y control. Tales espacios pueden ser intra-escolares, externos al colegio e inclusive las redes sociales.

Abstract: bullying is, in essence, deliberate violence or mistreatment of one or more students over another student (violence or mistreatment of peers), which is done in a systematic and persistent manner and creates an imbalance of power in which the conditions of aggressor and victim. Aggressors generally seek the recognition of others, either out of admiration or out of fear. The victims suffer humiliation and harm, and feel despised and vulnerable to others. Observers always have a relevant role that can be negative, proactive or neutral. Bullying can be presented in different modalities, among which the physical, verbal, relational and psychological stand out. All of them produce negative effects of different intensity on the victim. Bullying presents itself in different spaces whose differentiation is relevant to understand its modalities and the responsibilities for its prevention and control. Such spaces can be in-school, external to the school and even social networks

Mental status and suicide probability of young people: A cross-sectional study

Summary Objective: The most important determinant of suicide ideation, tendency and initiative is the presence of mental disorders. Since the number of those who lost their lives due to suicide in the world rose rapidly among the young population, the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of assessing young people in the high-risk age group to prevent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to determine psychological symptom levels and suicide probability in young people. Method: The cross-sectional research consisted of 15-24 year-old individuals (N=348), who have sought a psychiatric clinic between February and June, 2015. The Research Data was collected by applying Data Collection Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean SPS scores according to education, psychiatric treatment, self-harm, smoking and drinking status of the participants in the study. Apart from this, there was also a statistically significant correlation between anxiety, depression, negative self and hostility according to the SPS and BSI subscales (p<0.001, r=0.739; p<0.001, r=0.729; p<0.001, r=0.747; p<0.001, r=0.715; respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study show that suicide risk is significantly higher in young people with depression, anxiety, negative self-perception and hostility symptoms. In this regard, we suggest the relevance of assessing the suicide risk of young people seeking a psychiatric clinic, with thorough attention to those who have high potential for suicide.

How Competitive Orientation Influences Unethical Decision-making in Clinical Practices?

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate how competitive orientation influences unethical decision-making (UDM) through relationship conflict and the moderating effect of hostile attribution bias. METHODS: This study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire. Data were collected from 727 employees in Chinese hospitals. For each variable, measures were adopted or adapted from existing literature. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Common method variance was established using Harman's single-factor test. RESULTS: Competitive orientation is significantly and positively associated with relationship conflict (β = .36, p < .001) and UDM (β = .35, p < .001). Relationship conflict is significantly and positively associated with UDM (β = .51, p < .001). Relationship conflict partially mediates the relationship between competitive orientation and UDM. In addition, hostile attribution bias strengthens the positive relationship between competitive orientation and UDM through relationship conflict. CONCLUSION: This study provides some implications for hospital employees to deal with ethical dilemmas in decision-making. Hospital employees including nurses, physicians, and other health-care professionals should raise awareness of competitive orientation and adopt a cooperative approach to human relations. Effective training programs should be utilized to direct all hospital employees to depress hostile attribution bias whenever possible to everything in clinical practice.

Instruments and Taxonomy of Workplace Bullying in Health Care Organizations

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the methodological issues and comprehensiveness of workplace bullying instruments and to suggest a taxonomy of psychological abuse. METHODS: Nineteen instruments applied in health care organizations and 469 questionnaire items mainly regarding psychological abuse were collected through a literature review. Three researchers classified the questionnaire items according to a “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace.” RESULTS: Many instruments of workplace bullying were developed in the 2000s using a reflective measurement model, but their psychometric property was not sufficient and the measurement model is questioned. Based on the questionnaire items, the “taxonomy of psychological abuse in the workplace” was modified by adding two new subcategories (unachievable work and unfair treatment) and clarifying some operational definitions. According to the modified taxonomy of 11 (sub)categories, the reviewed instruments assessed 6.5 (sub)categories on average. No instrument measured all (sub)categories. Category 4.2 (disrespect, humiliation, and rejection of the person) was measured in all instruments, followed by Categories 5 (professional discredit and denigration) and 1.2 (social isolation) behaviors. CONCLUSION: The current instruments are not comprehensive enough. It is suggested that the modified taxonomy is verified and guide more reliable and inclusive instruments in the future. Furthermore, a formative measurement model, which defines a bullying as an inventory of different types of behaviors, should be used.

Análisis factorial confirmatorio del inventario multicultural de la expresión de la ira y hostilidad / Confirmatory factor analysis of the multicultural anger expression and hostility inventory

El propósito principal del presente estudio fue verificar la estructura factorial de las dos escalas que componen el Inventario Multicultural de la Expresión de la Ira y Hostilidad desde una perspectiva confirmatoria. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio en una muestra de 264 participantes provenientes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. El muestreo fue no probabilístico e incluyó estudiantes (25%), personal docente (17.8%) y personal administrativo (57.2%). La confiabilidad del instrumento fue evaluada mediante los modelos congenérico, tau-equivalente y paralelo para cada una de las seis subescalas del instrumento, así como también calculada en base al coeficiente alfa de Cronbach con intervalos de confianza.

The main purpose of this study was to verify the factorial structure of the two scales that make up the Multicultural Inventory of Expression of Anger and Hostility from a confirmatory perspective. We performed the Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a non-probability sample of 264 participants from a private university in Lima, Peru. The sampling included university students (25%), faculty members (17.8%) and administrative staff (57.2%). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using the congeneric, tau-equivalent and parallel models for each of the six subscales of the instrument, as well as calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient with confidence intervals. Results: Factor analysis performed in the present Peruvian sample identified four dimensions for the Anger Expression Scale (Anger-In, Anger-Out, Anger/Control In, and Anger/Control-Out) and two factors for the Hostility Scale (impulsive reaction to anger; and temperament), which substantially verified the factor structure of previous studies conducted in Latin American samples. The congeneric modelindicates an appropriate fit for each of the subscales of anger and hostility. Based on the results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis performed in the present study, the factorial structure of both scales of the Multicultural Anger Expression and Hostility Inventory is robust and shows substantial empirical evidence of construction validity and internal consistency of the instrument.

A related study of the type A Behavior, the level of BDNF and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with post stroke depression in acute ischemic stroke / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the type A behavior, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in serum in patients with post stroke depression (PSD) ,and explore the correlation between them.Methods The HAMD-17 was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with stroke (n=116).TABP,Social Support Scale, MMSE, NIHSS,mRS and BI were measured in PSD group(n=36) and non PSD group(NPSD group, n=80);fast blooding samples were analyzed with BDNF and hs-CRP in patients with PSD group, NPSD group and healthy controls (NC group).Results (1) The incidence of acute PSD was 31.03％.(2)The constituent ratio of type A behavior(83.33％ vs 57.50％), CH scores, TH +CH scores were significantly higher in PSD group than NPSD group(P＜0.01).Social Support Scale scores,MMSE scores were significantly lower in PSD group than NPSD group(P＜0.01, P＜0.05).NIHSS scores,mRS scores were significantly higher in PSD group than NPSD group, BI scores were significantly lower(P＜0.01).(3) The levels of serum BDNF,hs-CRP in the PSD group,the NPSD group and the normal control group were respectively (BDNF (617.24(274.98,976.22)) pg/ml, (938.19(615.88,1 714.76)) pg/ml, (4 149.46(1 658.83,7 583.34)) pg/ml);(hs-CRP(6.47(2.66,11.21)) mg/L, 1.77(0.74,6.51) mg/L, (0.86(0.47,1.59)) mg/L).The BDNF levels of PSD group were significantly lower and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher than NPSD group (P＜0.01).(4) The severity of depression was positively correlated with CH,TH+CH scores(r=0.38, P＜0.05;r=0.43, P＜0.01).CH scores were negatively correlated with social support(r=-0.38, P＜0.05),and were positively correlated with hs-CRP levels(r=0.34, P＜0.05).Conclusion In patients with post stroke depression,the BDNF levels decrease and hs-CRP levels increase,but severity of depression and cognitive function are not correlated with BDNF levels.Hostility and competition(CH) are correlated with the increasing hs-CRP levels.Patients with type A behavior, especially high CH scores, have immune system dysfunction and lower social support.Hostility and excessive competition are psychosocial risk factors occurring PSD.

O papel do psicopedagogo em relação ao bullying / The role of psychopedagogists relative to bullying

Nosso interesse pelo bullying partiu inicialmente do destaque desse assunto na mídia, e de como esse problema pode afetar nossa escola. O estudo dessa temática teve como ponto de partida conversas com professores, especialistas, funcionários e depois com pais e comunidade. Por essas discussões que ocorreram em várias redes sociais de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, de um caso concreto diagnosticado dentro de sala de aula, se fez necessário este estudo direcionado ao processo educacional para que os membros da comunidade escolar estejam atentos a esse vilão que permeia a educação do século XXI e elaborem planos de ação em que valores éticos e políticos tão esquecidos em tempos atuais onde o individualismo impera, contribuem para que a prática do bullying venha a diminuir e até mesmo se extinguir de nossas escolas...

Our interest in the bullying started initially highlight this issue in the media, and how this problem can affect our school. The study of this subject as a starting point had conversations with teachers, experts, officials and then with parents and community. For these discussions that occurred in various social networks from different socioeconomic levels, a case diagnosed within a classroom, this study was necessary to the educational process directed to members of the school community are aware of this villain that permeates education XXI century and develop action plans in which ethical and political values as forgotten in modern times where individualism reigns, that contribute to bullying will decrease and even become extinct in our schools...

The mediating role of parenting in relationship between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing behavior problems / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing behavior problems and the mediating role of parenting.Methods The cross-sectional data of 4474 adolescent aged 10-21 of the National Survey of Adolescent Mental Health in China (2008) was used.Adolescents reported their externalizing problems and parents' parenting.Parents reported their hostile behaviors.Results ① Parent hostility((9.18 ± 3.56),(8.94 ± 3.18)) significantly correlated with monitoring,inductive reasoning,harshness of parenting(father(3.39 ± 1.16),(3.21 ± 1.02),(1.39 ± 0.62) respectively,r =-0.108 ～ 0.489,P ＜ 0.01 ;mother (3.96 ± 0.97),(3.38 ± 0.96),(1.37 ± 0.60) respectively,r =-0.148 ～ 0.468,P ＜ 0.01) ; and both parent hostility and parenting were significantly associated with adolescent externalizing problems (0.23 ± 0.21) (r =-0.308 ～ 0.577,P ＜ 0.01).②Parental monitoring,inductive reasoning and harshness discipline partially mediated the relations between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing problems (Z =6.12,5.10,6.36,P ＜ 0.01 ; Z =5.86,6.97,11.84,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Parenting partially mediated the effect between parent hostility and adolescent externalizing problems.

O homem dos ratos, Schreber e Kafka: destinos possíveis para a hostilidade / The rat man, Schreber and Kafka: possible vicissitudes to hostility / El hombre de los ratones, Schreber y Kafka: destinos posibles para la hostilidad

A clínica psicanalítica impõe a observação, por vezes muito presente em determinados quadros, das tendências hostis que aparecem de forma manifesta ou fantasiada. Partindo dessa constatação e sustentado na releitura dos textos freudianos, este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre as tendências agressivas e suas implicações na clínica da neurose obsessiva e da paranoia, já que entendemos que a intensidade da hostilidade nessas patologias se coloca, muitas vezes, como um impasse para o tratamento. Os quadros clínicos serão exemplificados por meio do caso do Homem dos Ratos e da história de Schreber. Posteriormente, passaremos a discutir dois textos de Kafka, a fim de indicar uma saída para a elaboração da hostilidade no sentido de simbolizar e de sublimar as tendências agressivas...

The psychoanalytical practice demands the observation of acted or fantasized hostile tendencies which are very common in certain cases. We believe that the intensity of hostility has an increase in cases like obsessive neurosis and paranoia and often become an impediment to treatment. Considering such matters and based on Freud's texts, this paper proposes a reflection on the aggressive tendencies and their implications in the treatment of obsessive neurosis and paranoia. The clinical frames will be exemplified by The Rat Man and the history of Schreber. Subsequently we will discuss two texts of Kafka, to indicate an answer to the elaboration of hostility towards symbolization and sublimation of the aggressive tendencies...

La clínica psicoanalítica impone la observación, algunas veces muy presente en determinados cuadros, de las tendencias hostiles que aparecen de forma manifiesta o fantaseada. Partiendo de esa constatación y sostenido en la relectura de los textos freudianos, este trabajo propone una reflexión sobre las inclinaciones agresivas y sus implicaciones en la clínica de la neurosis obsesiva y de la paranoia, ya que entendemos que la intensidad de la hostilidad en esas patologías se coloca, muchas veces, como un impasse para el tratamiento. Los cuadros clínicos serán ejemplarizados por medio del caso del Hombre de los Ratones y de la historia de Schreber. Posteriormente, pasaremos a discutir dos textos de Kafka, con el fin de indicar una salida para la elaboración de la hostilidad en el sentido de simbolizar y de sublimar las inclinaciones agresivas...

The relationship among the aggressive behavior, hostile attribution bias and childhood trauma in schizophrenic patients / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among the aggressive behavior,hostile attribution bias and childhood trauma in schizophrenic patients.Methods 135 schizophrenic patients were tested with Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS),the Chinese-version of the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ-C) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).According to the score of the MOAS,the patients were divided into the aggressive group ( n =58 ) and the non-aggressive group ( n =77 ).The hostile attribution bias and the childhood trauma were compared between the two groups,and correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of the variables.ResultsCompared with the non-aggressive patients,the aggressive patients had significantly higher AIHQ-C total hostility bias score (6.27 ± 1.20 vs 5.90 ± 0.97,P ＜0.05 ),total blame bias score (8.04 ± 1.97 vs 6.91 ± 2.10,P ＜ 0.01 ) and total aggression bias score ( 6.17 ±1.02 vs 5.59 ± 1.04,P ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that the MOAS score,AIHQ scores and the total score of CTQ were significantly positively correlated with each other ( r =0.171 ～ 0.350,P ＜ 0.05 ～0.01 ).Regression analysis indicated the hostile attribution bias directly predicted the aggressive behavior( β =0.342,P ＜0.05) and completely mediated the relationship between the childhood trauma and the aggressive behavior.ConclusionThe aggressive behavior in schizophrenic patients is associated with the experience of childhood trauma and the attribution style.The childhood trauma indirectly influences the aggressive behavior by the mediating of the hostile attribution bias.